A Minimally Invasive Solution for Knee Pain

For individuals experiencing knee pain due to osteoarthritis, partial knee replacement offers an effective, less invasive alternative to total knee replacement. The procedure is designed for patients whose condition is confined to one area of the knee, allowing for a quicker recovery, less pain, and a more natural knee function.

What is Partial Knee Replacement?

During knee replacement surgery, damaged bone and cartilage are resurfaced with metal and plastic components to restore function and reduce pain. In a partial knee replacement (aka: unicompartmental knee replacement), only the affected portion of the knee is replaced, leaving healthy cartilage, bone, and ligaments intact. This approach preserves more of the natural knee structure, leading to a more natural range of motion and a faster return to daily activities.

Do I Need a Partial Knee Replacement?

You might need a partial knee replacement for several reasons, typically related to joint damage and pain in one specific part of the knee. Here are a few common reasons for getting a partial knee replacement:

1. Osteoarthritis (Most Common Reason)

• If arthritis is limited to one part of the knee (medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment), a partial knee replacement can be a good option.
• Symptoms include chronic pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility that don’t respond to other treatments.

2. Post-Traumatic Arthritis

• Previous knee injuries (fractures, ligament damage, or meniscus tears) can lead to arthritis in a localized area, making a partial knee replacement beneficial.

3. Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

• A condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply, leading to joint deterioration in a specific part of the knee.

4. Cartilage Damage or Wear

• Some individuals experience severe cartilage damage in only one knee compartment, causing pain and limiting movement.

5. Failed Non-Surgical Treatments

• If treatments like physical therapy, medications, injections (corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid), and lifestyle modifications no longer provide relief, surgery may be necessary.

6. Desire to Preserve More of the Natural Knee

• Partial knee replacement is a good option for younger or more active individuals who want to keep more of their original knee structure compared to a total knee replacement.

Benefits & Considerations

Multiple studies have shown that patients who are ideal candidates for partial knee replacement often experience excellent outcomes with this procedure. For those with arthritis or damage limited to one compartment of the knee, this surgery can be an effective way to relieve pain and restore function while preserving more of the knee’s natural structure.

Advantages of Partial Knee Replacement (Over Total Knee Replacement)

Compared to a total knee replacement, a partial knee replacement offers a few key benefits:

• Quicker Recovery: Because the surgery is less invasive, patients typically heal faster and regain mobility sooner than those undergoing a total knee replacement.
• Less Pain After Surgery: Many patients report less post-surgical pain due to the smaller incision and preservation of more healthy knee tissue.
• Less Blood Loss: Since less bone and tissue are removed, there is less bleeding during surgery, reducing the need for blood transfusions.
• Lower Risk of Infection & Blood Clots: A smaller surgical site means a lower risk of complications, including infections and blood clots compared to total knee replacement.
• More Natural Knee Function: Because the healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments are preserved, many patients feel that a partial knee replacement provides a more natural movement and may result in a better range of motion than a total knee replacement.

Additionally, for younger and more active patients, a partial knee replacement can extend the time before needing a total knee replacement while still allowing for a high level of mobility.

Disadvantages of Partial Knee Replacement

While partial knee replacement offers many advantages, it is not suitable for everyone, and there are some potential drawbacks to consider:

• Possible Need for Future Surgery: One of the biggest risks is that arthritis may develop in the remaining parts of the knee, which could require a total knee replacement in the future.
• Not Suitable for All Patients: This procedure is only an option if arthritis or damage is confined to a single compartment of the knee. Patients with severe arthritis affecting multiple areas or significant ligament damage may be better candidates for a total knee replacement.
• Durability Concerns for Active Individuals: While partial knee replacements can last 10-15 years or longer, younger, highly active patients may wear out the implant faster, potentially requiring revision surgery.
• Risk of Residual Pain or Stiffness: Some patients may still experience mild pain, stiffness, or swelling after the procedure, though this is generally less severe than with total knee replacement.

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For the right candidates, a partial knee replacement can be an effective solution that provides pain relief, quicker recovery, and a more natural knee function compared to total knee replacement. Schedule a consultation with Dr. Dobzyniak to discuss whether a partial knee replacement is a good option for you.

What to Expect

Before the Procedure (Preparation)

1. Medical Evaluation & Tests

• We will examine your knee and order X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to confirm that the damage is limited to one compartment.
• A blood test, ECG, and other pre-surgical tests may be required to assess overall health.

2. Stopping Certain Medications

• Blood thinners (e.g., aspirin, warfarin) and anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen) may need to be stopped before surgery to reduce bleeding risk.

3. Physical Preparation

• Strengthening exercises may be recommended to build leg muscle strength before surgery.
• Weight management may be advised if necessary.

4. Preparing for Recovery at Home

• Arrange for help at home, as mobility will be limited in the first few weeks.
• Prepare a safe space with easy access to necessities (avoid stairs if possible).
• Arrange for assistive devices like a walker or crutches.

During the Procedure

1. Anesthesia

• You may receive general anesthesia (asleep during surgery) or spinal anesthesia (awake but numb from the waist down).

2. Surgical Procedure (1-2 Hours)

• A small incision (about 3-5 inches) is made over the knee.
• We remove damaged cartilage and bone from the affected knee compartment.
• A metal and plastic implant is placed to replace the damaged area.
• The incision is closed, and the knee is bandaged.

3. Minimally Invasive Approach

• Partial knee replacements often use smaller incisions and less disruption to surrounding tissues compared to total knee replacements.

After the Procedure (Recovery)

1. Hospital Stay (Same Day or 1-2 Days)

• Many patients go home the same day or after 1-2 days.
• Pain management includes medication (opioids, NSAIDs, or nerve blocks).

2. Early Movement & Physical Therapy

• Same-day or next-day movement: You’ll likely stand or take a few steps with a walker within hours of surgery.
• Physical therapy starts immediately to regain knee movement and strength.

3. First Few Weeks at Home

• Use a walker or crutches for support.
• Continue physical therapy exercises as prescribed.
• Swelling and discomfort are normal—icing and elevating the knee help.
• Avoid high-impact activities but engage in gentle walking.

4. Returning to Normal Activities

• Driving: Usually within 2-4 weeks (if the surgery was on the left knee and you drive an automatic, it may be sooner).
• Light activities: Within 3-6 weeks.
• Full recovery & return to sports (low-impact like cycling, swimming): Around 3 months.
• High-impact activities (running, jumping): Usually discouraged long-term.

Long-Term

• Patients often experience significant pain relief and improved mobility compared to before surgery.
• Periodic follow-up appointments help ensure proper healing and implant function.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long do partial knee replacements last?
Most partial knee replacements last between 10-15+ years.

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Partial knee replacements can be an excellent option for many people. A thorough consultation with Dr. Dobzyniak can help determine if this is the right option for you based on your health, lifestyle, and surgical goals.